"India and the United Nations: Role, Contribution and Challenges", what is the future of India's permanent seat in the UNSC

The United Nations is the world's largest international organization, it was established in 1945 after the Second World War to promote peace, security and international cooperation. When it was established, there were a total of 51 countries. Over time, gradually many new countries became independent, now its number is 193. With 193 member countries, the UN plays an important role in addressing global challenges such as conflict resolution, human rights, climate change and sustainable development. However, its effectiveness is often questioned due to political power struggles and structural limitations.

Various organs of the United Nations

The United Nations has various organs, which play their specific roles in global governance. Among these, the Security Council and the United Nations General Assembly are the main organs of the United Nations.

General Assembly (UNGA)

It is the main deliberative body, where all member countries get equal representation. Its meeting is held once a year around the month of September. One member from each country is appointed in it.

 Security Council (UNSC)

This organization of the United Nations is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has five permanent members. Who have veto power. Whose names are America, UK, China, Russia and France respectively. And there are ten temporary members. Temporary member countries do not have veto power. Its members have a tenure. Every year 5 new members are elected.

International Court of Justice (ICJ) 

It is located in The Hague (Netherlands) and resolves legal disputes between nations. Recently, it resolved the border dispute between India and Bangladesh, but no country is bound to obey its order. It has a total of 15 members whose tenure is 9 years. Five judges are elected every 3 years. They are elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council.

The Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is a major organ of the United Nations (UN), which works on global economic, social and development issues. It coordinates 15 major agencies, commissions and programs of the United Nations, including institutions like WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP. It has a total of 15 member countries whose tenure is 3 years. Every year 18 new members are elected by the United Nations General Assembly. India has been its President in 2020.

 United Nations Secretariat (UN Secretariat) : 

 It performs administrative functions and the Secretary General is its head. The United Nations Secretariat is the main administrative organ of the United Nations (UN), which conducts the daily operations of the organization. It oversees various programs, peacekeeping missions, research work and policy implementation. It was established in 1945. Its headquarters is located in New York, USA. About 37000 employees work in it. Their tenure is every 5 years. Its main function is to implement the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.

India and the United Nations

India is an important member of the United Nations and plays an active role in its policies. When the United Nations was established in 1945, India was its founding member. India has contributed to various missions of the United Nations and has played an influential role on many global issues. Some of them have played an important role in peacekeeping operations in major countries like Lebanon, Congo, Sudan, Cyprus and South Sudan.

In addition, India has long been demanding permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). India says that it is one of the largest democratic power countries in the world and has an important role in global affairs. For this, the G4 countries (India, Brazil, Germany, Japan) have demanded reform and expansion of the Security Council.

Conclusion 

The United Nations is the most important international organization for maintaining peace, security and cooperation in the world. It plays an active role on issues such as conflict resolution, protection of human rights, climate change and sustainable development at the global level. However, its effectiveness has been questioned from time to time. Many countries say that there is a lot of difference between when it was formed and now. It needs reforms. Changes should be made in it as soon as possible or else it will become inactive.

India is an important member of the United Nations and actively contributes to various peace missions, development work and diplomatic initiatives. India's demand for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) reflects its growing stature in global politics.

In the future, reforms are necessary to make the United Nations a more democratic and effective organization. If it wants to find effective solutions to the challenges of the 21st century, it will have to insist on including new permanent members in the Security Council, making the decision-making process transparent and ensuring equal participation of member countries.  The success of the United Nations will depend on how effectively it is able to adapt to the changing global scenario.